Past Perfect T.

Past Perfect

FORM (Yapılışı)

[had + past participle]

had + V3 (done)

Örnekler

You had studied English before you moved to New York. (Sen New York a gitmeden önce İngilizce çalışmıştın.)
Had you studied English before you moved to New York? (Sen New York a gitmeden önce İngilizce çalışmışmıydın?)
You had not studied English before you moved to New York. (Sen new York a gitmeden önce İngilizce çalışmamıştın.)

Positive	Negative	Question
I had finished. You had finished. We had finished. They had finished. He had finished. She had finished. It had finished.	I had not finished. You had not finished. We had not finished. They had not finished. He had not finished. She had not finished. It had not finished.	Had I finished? Had you finished? Had we finished? Had they finished? Had he finished? Had she finished? Had it finished?

USE 1 Completed Action Before Something in the Past

Geçmişte bir olaydan önceki bitmiş bir olay

The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past.

(Geçmişte belirli bir nokta dan önce yapılmış olan aktiviteleri dile getirmek için Past Perfect Tense kullanılır.)

Örnekler:

I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai. (Kauai ye gitmeden önce hiç böyle güzel bir kumsal görmemiştim.)
I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet. (Hiç param yoktu çünkü cüzdanımı kaybetmiştim)
Tony knew Istanbul so well because he had visited the city several times. (Tony İstanbul u çok iyi biliyordu çünkü İstanbul u birçok kez ziyaret etmişti.)
Had Susan ever studied Thai before she moved to Thailand? (Susan Taylanda gitmeden önce Taice çalışmışmıydı?)
She only understood the movie because she had read the book. (Filmi tek o anladı çünkü kitabını okumuştu.)
Kristine had never been to an opera before last night. ( Kristine dün geceden önce hiç konserde bulunmamıştı.)
We were not able to get a hotel room because we had not booked in advance. ( Otelde kalamadık çünkü yer ayıtmamıştık.)
A: Had you ever visited the U.S. before your trip in 2006? ( 2006 dan önce Amerikaya gitmişmiydin?)
B: Yes, I had been to the U.S. once before. ( Evet daha önce bir kere gitmiştim.)

USE 2 Duration Before Something in the Past (Non-Continuous Verbs)

With Non-Continuous Verbs and some non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past.

( Past Perfect Tense gelmişte başlayıp belli bir süre devam eden olayın başka bir olayla son bulduğunu dile getirmek için kullanılır.)

Examples:

We had had that car for ten years before it broke down. (Araba bozulmadan önce onu 10 yıl kullanmıştık.)
By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been in London for over eight years. ( Alex çalışmasını bitirdiği zamana kadar Londra da 8 yılın üzerinde kalmıştı.)
They felt bad about selling the house because they had owned it for more than forty years. ( Evi sattıklarına üzüldüler çünkü 40 yıldan fazladır ona sahiptiler.)

IMPORTANT Specific Times with the Past Perfect

Unlike with the Present Perfect, it is possible to use specific time words or phrases with the Past Perfect. Although this is possible, it is usually not necessary.

( Present Perfect Tense in aksine Past Perfect Tense de geçmişten belirli bir zaman dilimi kullanabiliriz.)

Example:

She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996.
O 1996 da onların yanına taşınmadan önce ilk olarak Japon akrabalarını 1993 de ziyaret etmişti.

MOREOVER (Bundan başka)

If the Past Perfect action did occur at a specific time, the Simple Past can be used instead of the Past Perfect when "before" or "after" is used in the sentence. The words "before" and "after" actually tell you what happens first, so the Past Perfect is optional. For this reason, both sentences below are correct.

( Past Perfect Tense de geçmiş ile ilgili ent bir zaman ifadesi varsa Past Perfct yerine Past Tense de kullanılabilir. Before ve after kelimeleri hangi olayın önce ve sonra olduğunu gösterdiği için Past Perfect Tense zorunlu değildir. Aşağıdaki iki örnekte doğrudur.)

Examples:

She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996.
O 1996 da onların yanına taşınmadan önce ilk olarak Japon akrabalarını 1993 de ziyaret etmişti.
She visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996.
O 1996 da onların yanına taşınmadan önce ilk olarak Japon akrabalarını 1993 de ziyaret etti.

HOWEVER ( ancak)

If the Past Perfect is not referring to an action at a specific time, Past Perfect is not optional. Compare the examples below. Here Past Perfect is referring to a lack of experience rather than an action at a specific time. For this reason, Simple Past cannot be used.

Önemli:

( Past Perfect Tense bir cümlede geçmişle ilgili net bir zaman yoksa bu cümleye PAst Tense gelemez, sadece past Perfect Tense Kullanılır.)

Examples:

She never saw a bear before she moved to Alaska. Yanlış
She had never seen a bear before she moved to Alaska. Doğru

ADVERB PLACEMENT

Zarfların kullanımı

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

You had previously studied English before you moved to New York.
Had you previously studied English before you moved to New York?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples:

George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic's license. Active
Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanic's license. Passive

Past Perfect Exercises

                    1. Verb Tense Exercise : Past Perfect - Simple Past
                    2. Verb Tense Exercise : Exceptions in Spelling when Adding ed
                    3. Verb Tense Exercise : Positive Sentences in Past Perfect Simple
                    4. Verb Tense Exercise : Negative Sentences in Past Perfect Simple
                    5. Verb Tense Exercise : Questions in Past Perfect Simple
                    6. Verb Tense Exercise : Mixed Exercise in Past Perfect Simple
                    7. Verb Tense Exercise : Irregular Verbs
                    8. Verb Tense Exercise : Simple Past and Past Perfect
                    9. Verb Tense Exercise : Simple Past, Present Perfect and Past Perfect
                  10. Verb Tense Exercise : Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous
                  11. Verb Tense Exercise : Present and Past Tenses with Non-Continuous Verbs
                  12. Verb Tense Exercise : Present and Past Tense Review
                  Verb Tense Practice Test : Cumulative Verb Tense Review
                  Verb Tense Final Test : Cumulative Verb Tense Review

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