Someone, somebody, something, somewhere

Anyone, anybody, anything, anywhere

Noone, nobody, nothing, nowhere

Bu kelimeler, zamir olarak ismin yerine kullanılmaktadır.”-one ve –body” ile oluşan kelimeler insanlar için kullanılmaktadır. “-where” yer ; “-thing” cansız varlıklar için kullanılmaktadır.

Her zaman tekil olarak kabul edilirler.

• Everybody knows him.
• Everything goes according to our plan.
• No one knows the answer
• Something is wrong with the system

“No” ile başlayan kelimeler olumsuzdur, bu yüzden fiil her zaman olumlu şekliyle kullanılır. Anlam her zaman olumsuzdur. 

• There was nothing wasn’t nothing in his bag.
• No one knows doesn’t know the answer.
• She doesn’t have has nowhere  to stay.
• I don’t have anything to say. I don’t have nothing

“Some” ile başlayan kelimeler genelde olumlu cümlelerde; “any” ile kelimeler ise olumsuz ve soru cümlelerinde kullanılır.

• There’s someone at the door
• Is there anyone at the door?
• There isn’t anyone at the door. 
• Do you know anywhere we can go? 
• I don’t know anywhere we can go.
• I know somewhere we can go .

Ancak, bir şey teklif edilirken, önerilirken veya rica edilirken kullanılan soru cümlelerinde "any" değil, "some" kullanılır. Bu cümleler soru cümleleri olsa da anlam bakımından aslında “teklif”tirler.

• Do you want something to drink? 
• Can you give me something to eat?

“No one, nothing” gibi olumsuz kelimeyle başlayan cümlelerin devamında ”any-“ ile başlayan kelimeler kullanılmalıdır. İki olumsuz yapı aynı cümlede olamaz.

• No one knows nothing   anything .
• Nobody has no any money.
• Nothing will be done by no one anyone. 

“Any-“ ile başlayan kelimeler olumlu cümlelerde kullanıldığında “herkes, herhangi bir kişi, şey, her yer” gibi anlamlar taşır.

• Anywhere is ok for me. 
• Anyone can do it easily .
• We can sleep anywhere. It doesn’t matter
• You can buy anything for her birthday.

Compound nouns made with SOME, ANY and NO

Compound nouns with some- and any- are used in the same way as some and any.

Positive statements:

• Someone is sleeping in my bed.
• He saw something in the garden.
• I left my glasses somewhere in the house.
  
  Questions
  
• Are you looking for someone? (= I'm sure you are)
• Have you lost something? (= I'm sure you have)
• Is there anything to eat? (real question)
• Did you go anywhere last night?

Negative

• She didn't go anywhere last night.
• He doesn't know anybody here.
  
• I don't know anything about it. (= neutral, no emphasis)
• I know nothing about it (= more emphatic, maybe defensive)

More examples:

NOTICE  nothing, nobody etc. and not ... anything, not ... anybody: Bu kelimeler arasındaki farka dikkat edelim.Nothing cümleyi olumsuz yapar ve not ile kullanılmaz.Fakat anything ile beraber not kullanabiliriz.

SOMETHING, SOMEBODY, SOMEWHERE
a. I have something to tell you.
b. There is something to drink in the fridge.
c. He knows somebody in New York
d. Susie has somebody staying with her.
e. They want to go somewhere hot for their holidays.
f. Keith is looking for somewhere to live.

ANYBODY, ANYTHING, ANYWHERE
a. Is there anybody who speaks English here?
b. Does anybody have the time?
c. Is there anything to eat?
d. Have you anything to say?
e. He doesn't have anything to stay tonight.
f. I wouldn't eat anything except at Maxim's.

NOBODY, NOTHING, NOWHERE
a. There is nobody in the house at the moment
b. When I arrived there was nobody to meet me.
c. I have learnt nothing since I began the course.
d. There is nothing to eat.
e. There is nowhere as beautiful as Paris in the Spring.
f. Homeless people have nowhere to go at night.

ANY can also be used in positive statements to mean 'no matter which', 'no matter who', 'no matter what':

Examples:

        a.You can borrow any of my books.
b. They can choose anything from the menu.
c. You may invite anybody to dinner, I don't mind.

Exercises:

Fill in the gaps with somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, nothing, somewhere, anywhere or nowhere.

  1.  I know __________ about this issue that you may find interesting, but if I tell you, you must promise to keep it (a) secret.

  2.  __________ lives here. There is no water.

  3.  I spent the night __________ near the beach.

  4.  __________ could have jumped over this wall, and stole your rake. It's very low.

  5.  __________ scares him. He's very brave.

  6.  There is __________ to park here. Let's go __________ else to park.

  7.  Would you like __________ to wash your hands?.

  8.  May I have __________ for dessert, please?

  9.  They took him __________ in London, and he never returned.

10.  Please don't leave __________ behind at home. We'll be away for a fortnight.

11.  She needs __________ to love. She's very lonely.

12.  They will not sing __________ in this city. They said that they would never come back.

13.  There isn't __________ you can do to help them. __________ can help them.

14.  We do not need __________ else to run this department. We can do it ourselves.

15.  __________ is ringing the bell. Go and see who it is.

16.  __________ phoned while we were out, but they did not leave a message.

17.  __________ tells me that there is __________ fishy going on .

18.  They are looking for __________ to settle down and have children. They want to find a quiet place to lead a quiet life.

19.  "Where would you like to stay?"

       "__________ will do provided it is a clean place."

20.  "Is there __________ at home?"

       "I don't think there is __________. Mum and dad must have gone out."

Key:

(Please remember that instead of anybody, nobody and somebody, you may use anyone, no-one and someone respectively.)

  1.  something

  2.  Nobody (Nothing is also possible if we wish to make it more drastic.)

  3.  somewhere

  4.  Anybody

  5.  Nothing / Nobody (The first alternative may be better, but it depends on the context.)

  6.  nowhere, somewhere

  7.  something

  8.  something

  9.  somewhere

10.  anything

11.  somebody

12.  anywhere

13.  anything, Nobody

14.  anybody

15.  Somebody

16.  Somebody

17.  Something, something

18.  somewhere

19.  Anywhere

20.  anybody, anybody

 Alıştırmalar 1